In the era of Instagram and YouTube where millions post their pictures and videos reflecting their inner soul, a portion of the population still

w the use of cosmetics as a vain attempt to change who they are and the features they were born with. Make up is a personal choice. For some it’s therapeutic, some wear it to conceal their insecurities and look confident, and others solely to look pretty.

Makeup as an essential has evolved throughout the years. Men and women of the ancient world were often creative when it came to their intimate needs. Egyptians used metal, lead, copper, ash, and burnt almonds as ‘kohl’ to darken and enhance their eyes. From using beetles as a red tint on lips to getting thousands of lipstick shades to pick from, the advance products of the modern age have evolved in a way where you can conceal your pores, clear your skin tone, have purple eyelids and cheekbones like Benedict Cumberbatch.

Following the 40s wartime austerity, the 50s was a time of development and prosperity. The classic 

 makeup consisted of intense and defined lips mostly in the hues of pink and red, brows were arched and a single neutral colour was used on the eyelids. Major winged eyeliner made an appearance towards the end of the era. Actresses such as 

Elizabeth Taylor, Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, and Waheeda Rahman

 still epitomize it for so many of us. From the all-natural look to the dramatic black and white eyes of the mod fashion of 

, a light, sherbet-toned lipstick shade became popular. Eyes took prominence over lips, from elegant cat eyes to bold geometric patterns and black eye crease look. 

 being the classic example, the era evolved into a milder girlish style. 

 typified by the likes of British models like 

, united the youth all over the world. Vibrant eyeshadow with pale pink lips was the craze in the 60s.

, aiming to provide more than just knitting patterns for household women. With the rise of the 

, 70s beauty adopted a more free-spirited ethos. Brands came up with a more natura; fresh-looking makeup for consumers who believed that ‘beauty comes from within’. The tanned look became popular therefore bronzers were used for a sun-kissed look. Pastels were worn throughout the decade– being a part of the more natural look. Bright and glossy lips were worn by actresses and younger women globally.

 were filled with expressing through makeup, and was all about excess. Cheeks took the center stage, often bright pink or even deep plum. Bushy brows were popular and so the idea of clear brow gel came in business. As for the lips, women played around with striking pink and coral lipsticks with plenty of visible lip liner. This period had a rock and roll vibe to it, how can one forget 

 with her metallic lips. Regardless of how different the 80s were from today, things like bold bushy brows and bold eyes are still in trend.
Though we love and miss a lot of things none more so than the cool, statement beauty looks of the time, the balance between eyes and lips defined 

‘. Clear matte skin, blue eyeshadow, natural blush was a statement. From dark lip liner to dark lipsticks, there was nothing coy or neutral about lip trends back then. Celebrities experimented and came up with new styles; 

‘s body glitter was one of our favourite 90s beauty trends and we’re living for its revival.

 was just beginning to sprout where cosmetic brands were releasing bright and more striking colors for makeup lovers to test out. The eye shadow was frosty, the lip gloss was even frostier. The first decade of the 

 gave birth to some of the most iconic beauty looks. Actresses took more beauty risks for roles by wearing no makeup or going extreme like 

 in Black Swan. And for us 90s babies, the effervescent 

 with ombre nude frosted lips and silvery smokey eyes was delightful. 

From a flurry of low-maintenance, “no-makeup” makeup, to strong brows, contouring, and bold, bright hues, the new generation isn’t afraid to experiment with their looks. Simultaneously, they’re comfortable with their natural beauty and an authentic, “come as you are” vibe is much prevalent. We saw a deluge of smoky eye looks hit the makeup world as well. Instagram beauty moguls, YouTubers, celebs, and everyone at home became obsessed with 

, are popular brand faces who’ve turned their love for makeup into successful businesses express how makeup is so much more than just a tool to look attractive. A creative soul cannot be kept still for very long. The inherent need to create cannot be contained!

I believe that a face is a canvas, used to express yourself and try new things using makeup. A lot of us are hooked on to the makeup tutorials on the internet these days and it’s great that one can access tips and tricks from professionals all over the world which is why I consider it as a therapy tool to make a person open up about their feelings. However, I don’t believe that you need to be artistic to do makeup, as there is not a proper way to do it. For some following 10 steps of a tutorial is makeup and for some, even red lips is too much makeup!

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of The Jamia Review or its members.

MAKEUP AND ITS EVOLUTION

can be arduous to convey in emotional ways. The range of it can be deadening. Hearing it from

, however, delivers the message and appeals both to our intellect and emotions. This thought provoking, superbly presented, and easily understood piece of factual filming is a compulsory watch.

Consider a body of work that includes “

 that are all cherished and will all endure the test of time in archives and homes throughout the world. Netflix’s 

 is banked on this planet, with profound reflections on the wilderness and the sheer urgency to save humankind from an imminent climate change emergency. 

“The natural world is fading… it will lead to our destruction,”

Being a natural historian of 94 and working through the wilderness of the earth, this documentary is unlike any of Attenborough’s earlier work. Although it shows the astounding magnificence of the planet but instead of the usual cinematic shots of wildlife, he strives for a bleaker outlook on the 

, a place so utterly destroyed and scarred by human beings is precedent of how nature will reclaim the land if willed to its own devices. To take us through the journey of how Earth has transformed throughout Attenborough’s lifetime and how the human world, the most farsighted and evolved animal on the planet, has been dismantling and destabilizing the planet, archive footage of his work has been utilized. Shots of verdant rainforests with birdies and butterflies are followed by chainsaws chopping down the trees. You see thriving coral environments with colorful fishes and then decolorized white dead corals, as a consequence of ocean warming and gutted frozen fish; a look at our overfishing over the times.

, one he has argued earlier at length, is that overpopulation and 

population increase is a threat to our planet

. The closing half an hour is an outliner for 

what can be done to diminish our carbon footprints

“if we take care of nature, nature will take care of us.”

 The documentary is a prescribed watch for the absurd 

 crying for people, policymakers, governments across the globe.

To compile it, one can say that the documentary had perfect narration, excellent soundtrack, dazzling cinematography, great directing, and incredible storytelling in a direct way. What matters is that the 

. I hope we remember that our generations only have months, not decades to realize the extent of this problem.

A FINAL WAKE-UP CALL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT

“Every leaf speaks bliss to me, fluttering from the autumn tree.”— Emily Bronte. The end of the growing season-

, is filled with festivals that rejoice the arrival of harvest. It ushers in the course of celebration and packs the atmosphere with colours, lights and festivities..

 in the British woods are one of the highlights of the season. This cooling-off month, between the sunny summers and chilly winters is perfect for infinite reasons- from changing your wardrobe by breaking out jackets and hats, to making hot chocolate, to having a bonfire party and the list goes on. The fall season creates an ideal setting for a 

sense of comfort, warmth, and reflection.

Autumn is a time for celebration, and the festivities share a universal theme of light. From lanterns, lamps, torches, to fireworks and lighting up hot air balloons; Autumn is celebrated in all parts of the world. 

 is an example of the Harvest celebration in the west; being a historical ceremony, it also has a spiritual dimension blended in it which is the belief of giving praise for what has been bestowed upon us. We also have 

 which reminds people of the past where the parted ancestors are commemorated, leading the people to feel a connection with death by remembering those who have left this earth. Not to forget the grand Indian festival- 

, whose whole notion revolves around prosperity and the reign of good over bad.

 until autumn arrives. Then, for a brief time, we revel in the aggregation of colours that appear from what was earlier a plain green canvas. The fall foliage can be seen all across the globe, as a backdrop of gold for Bavarian castles, and floorings of rich reds and oranges in Alaska’s mountain range. The vivid hues of 

bronze, and ruby against evergreen Scots pine in Edinburgh are breath-taking. The fall landscape in Kyoto, Japan is truly

 that got nothing on the green leaves turning flushed crimson and gold.

Apart from the celebrations, Fall has a special appeal of bestowing life lessons. Throughout history- cultures, science, and astrology have worked on seasonal symbols to denote, heighten, and even play against the feelings of passing of time and age to the human life cycle. 

. After encountering the youth of summer in the budding of existence, and the abundance of flowerings, the leaves and flowers drop, abandoning the branches bare. This symbolizes change and maturity, evoking in us the fleeting nature of all entities. The fluttering leaves also act as a reminder for us to let go and move on. Fall brings a yearning for an end, a human autumn of winter, aging, and death.

COLOURS OF FALL

The political speech today has refined in such a way that information is twisted to alter the perception of reality and adjusted to the advantages of who is in charge. George Orwell’s Animal Farm gives us an insight into this conspiracy theory and compels us to think more about the world we’re living in.

An anti-utopian satire published in 1945, this book is a political allegory based on the occurrences of Russia’s 

. It also aims to compare characters, events and elements for the same. The story shows the accurate example of how the toxic idea of a 

. It has to be remembered that George Orwell was a democratic Socialist and fought fascism in the 

He was wounded and was asked to flee for his life. His experience of the war was to have the most significant impact on his political thoughts and his later works. He couldn’t get a publisher to print this book for 5 years largely because of the fear that the book might upset the alliance between Britain, U.S., and The Soviet Union. The book involves a group of barnyard animals and narrates the story of a revolt on a farm against their exploitative human masters and setting up a society based on their own 

. Eventually, the human oppressors are replaced by two legged oppressors, the animals’ intelligent and power-driven commanders, the Pigs form a dictatorship even more oppressive than that of their human masters, they subvert the revolution with a slogan of 

“All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.”

The fascinating thing about this brilliant piece of art is that it conveys the message through a simplistic form of forceful writing, to the point, thought provoking and gives the reader only the impression which the author wanted. Orwell’s message of how knowledge and thoughtlessness is equally destructive for a society is apparent, teaching us to question and look at things in a much more critical manner. The fact that the whole process of greed and superiority taking over is so evident makes the book even more intriguing. Symbolism is highly used in the book to make complex issues more accessible, (just like in children’s books). This is clearly because the author wanted to alert the masses. The allegory is thick enough to understand and the wit used is razor sharp.

 still brings insight on dissemination of misinformation through propaganda, It comments on the political structures of countries around the globe and the blind obedience by the citizens’ of corrupt leadership, declaring their support towards utmost criminality of the people in power. It makes you ponder over the thought of how a revolution can be as disastrous as a corrupt government if led by ignorance and greed and how educating the masses is crucial to change the political situation of a place. Overall, this book has the power to alter and change the perspective of the reader’s perceptions about politics.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of The Jamia Review or its members. 

ANIMAL FARM: AN EYE OPENER

The austerity of human beings to exploit women and act in the name of religion to accomplish their selfish purposes is the real cause of every major destruction throughout history. The mainstream media comes up with issues and events that are a direct attack on some religious beliefs when they are in reality problems of culture, traditions, politics, superstitions or sometimes illiteracy and lack of knowledge.

Women are traumatized in more obvious ways than by tanks in the streets. The oppression starts innocuously. It mostly begins within families, with girls being locked up in their rooms. This everyday violence is the product of a culture that bestows power to men. It is evident in the unbalanced sex ratios at birth. Violence is buried in the training of women in some deadly habits that encourage human rights violations but are considered the essence of good womanhood. For many women, remaining true to a particular custom often means excruciating pain, mutilation, and even death. Yet people somehow still manage to blame religions for their egotistical demands.

Various misunderstandings about women’s rights and their status in religions have been spread, like the restriction on stepping out of the house, violation of their right to seek education, forced marriages, strict dress codes and the list could go on. It is factually the case that religious teachings stress the value of peace and prosperity for all human beings, emphasizing that the opportunity to seek all forms of knowledge is a human right and responsibility of all individuals.

The current suppression of women is shaped by culture and history. It has no basis in the 

, the only major religion that worships women directly, inconsistently and specifically.


 in the archeological evidence, say in the 

 excavations on the idea of a spirit or Godhead is a female.


Parents should gift their daughter intellectuality and power of knowledge when she leaves for her husband’s home. They should give her a dowry of knowledge.

, the first actual religious scripture that granted rights to women was the 

. Right to vote, inheritance, marriage and divorce to name a few.


 was easily the most radical and empowering in his treatment of women. Arguably he was history’s first feminist.


The Believers, men and women, are protectors, one of another: they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil: they observe regular prayers, practice regular charity and obey

, while accepting the biological and physical differences between the two sexes, does consider men and women to be equally useful to the society.


 More than two-and-a-half millennia ago, 

, set a precedent for first women’s rights march.
The Buddha unhesitatingly accepted that women are capable of realizing the truth, just as men are. This is why he permitted the admission of women into the 

 first word on the subject of men and women is that they were equally created in the image of 

, the two principles of equality and submission for women exist side by side. 

 points to equality, indicating that the way of salvation is the same for both men and women and that they are members of equal standing in the body of 

There is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in

Often seen as a barrier to gender parity, religion is certainly misinterpreted by many, leading to staunch fanaticism and radicalization of beliefs. As students, when we read the book of 

, we don’t just study something that is an intellectual exercise, we are humbly studying the word of 

. Anything that it teaches us is the manifestation of 

 love, care, and mercy. At the end of the day, it is the human effort of how well you want to understand. The power of culture in creating violence has been underestimated. To reclaim humanity we need to have a conversation about how individuals are entitled only for their deeds and how unfair it is to be prejudiced against any community or religion for something that it doesn’t even preach.

Culture, Religion and Women

Earth is home to millions of species but our cleverness, our inventiveness, and our activities are now the drivers of every single global problem that we are facing and every one of these problems is accelerating as we continue to grow in terms of our population.

There is no question that climate change is happening; the only arguable point is what part humans are playing in it.



 is the long term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. The change causes weather patterns to be less predictable which makes it onerous to grow crops in regions that rely on farming. 

 has also been connected with other devastating events like more frequent and acute hurricanes, floods downpours and winter storms. The increase of temperature and climate upheaval also disturbs the ecosystem. We are already witnessing species disappearing. According to the 

IPCC (Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change

), the average rise might put 20-30% of the species at risk. The acidification of the oceans is also of great concern, permafrost and ice are melting massively at the poles, increasing the sea level at a rate never known before. The scarcity of resources and energy is already giving rise to conflicts among humans.

Needless to say, there are numerous natural factors causing climate change but there is substantial evidence that human activity has been the dominant cause of warming since the mid 20th century. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 412 parts per million in the last 150 years. There is a probability of 95 percent that human-produced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have caused much of the observed increase in Earth’s temperature over the past 50 years.

With the government officials apathetic to climate change or flat out in denial, it is imperative that people take a stand and speak out. The masses have a different outlook towards this hurdle. Over the past two decades, 

 has lent his voice to our planet through his foundation- 

 to raise awareness about environmental issues. 

17-year-old Swedish Environmentalist Greta Thunberg

 has tried to awaken the world to the urgency of climate change with her protests. Another great example is 

 who was among the 16 children, including 

, who filed a complaint to protest the lack of government action on the climate crisis at the 

. She also filed a complaint against the 

 in 2017 because of its inaction against climate change highlighting the growing concern over pollution and environmental degradation in the country. Her first brush with activism began after she was moved by the devastating 

 floods in 2013 that claimed more than 5000 lives.

Amongst us, we have the savvy mortals who are aware of the extremity of the situation but somehow manage to overlook it and hide under their blankets of drudgery or leisure. Fortunately, myriads of people have realized the intensity and believe in “little drops make the mighty ocean”, They try to do their bit by planting trees around them, avoiding plastics and taking other measures that are effective. The worst that humans can do is turn a blind eye on the fact that the planet is in danger.

Fortunately, there are always things that we can do to fight against climate change and because it is us who has brought the planet to a level where it needs saving, it is our responsibility to get things right and preserve the planet for future generations. Simple things like saving energy, optimizing diets, avoiding plastics, using public transport and planting trees can make noticeable progress in this fight against climate change.

Articles by Malaika Mumtaz Khan

MAKEUP AND ITS EVOLUTION

A FINAL WAKE-UP CALL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT

COLOURS OF FALL

ANIMAL FARM: AN EYE OPENER

Culture, Religion and Women

CLIMATE CHANGE – LIFE ON EDGE

MAKEUP AND ITS EVOLUTION

A FINAL WAKE-UP CALL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT

COLOURS OF FALL

ANIMAL FARM: AN EYE OPENER

Culture, Religion and Women

CLIMATE CHANGE – LIFE ON EDGE